This book extends the theme of Raymond Williams's earlier work in literary and cultural analysis. He analyses previous contributions to a Marxist theory of literature from Marx himself to Lukacs, Althusser, and Goldmann, and develops his own approach by outlining a theory of 'cultural materialism' which integrates Marxist theories of language with Marxist theories of literature. Williams moves from a review of the growth of the concepts of literature and idealogy to a redefinition of 'determinism' and 'hegemony'. His incisive discussion of the 'social material process' of cultural activity culminates in a re-examination of the problems of alignment and commitment and of the creative practice in individual authors and wider social groups.
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P117 在那一时期或那一社会中现实人们的那些相对复杂的、混合的、不完整的或未得到清晰表述的思想意识,就这样被遮蔽在这种决定性的普遍体系的名义之下,而且按照结构的同构关系它们确实又从程序上被排斥到边缘或即生即灭的地位上去了。
P118 (霸权)是指一种由实践和期望构成的整体,这种整体覆盖了生活的全部,是一种实际体验到的意义、价值体系(既有构成设定性又处在构成设定中)。
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