现代中国的述学文体
内容简介
晚清以降，著作体例与述学文体的巨大变更，使得现代中国的人文学者步履艰难。从当初的“拿来主义”，到今日的“与世界接轨”，在20世纪中国学界，占主导地位的声音是以“科学”取代“夸饰”。著述的不严谨乃至抄袭成风，确实是中国学界的痼疾，可这并不能掩盖问题的另一面，即人文学本身带有很强的修辞意味。谈论人文学的修辞学，不妨先从述学文体说起，因这既牵涉到学术训练、表达能力，更根源于文化心态。不管是赓续传统，还是译述西学，如何弥合自身文体与论述对象之间的缝隙，都是一个必须直面的难题。本书谈论现代中国的述学文体，主要是谈在中外新旧文化激烈碰撞的时代，中国学者如何建立“表达”的立场、方式与边界。
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作者简介
陈平原，广东潮州人，文学博士，北京大学中文系教授、教育部“长江学者”特聘教授、中央文史馆馆员。近年关注的课题，包括20世纪中国文学、中国小说与散文、现代中国教育及学术、图像与文字等。曾被国家教委和国务院学位委员会评为“作出突出贡献的中国博士学位获得者”(1991)，获全国高校第一、二、三届人文社会科学研究优秀著作奖（1995、1998、2003），第一、二届王瑶学术奖优秀论文一等奖（2002、2006），北京市第九届哲学社会科学优秀成果奖一等奖（2006），第三届全国教育科学研究优秀成果奖二等奖（2006），高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖（人文社会科学）一等奖（2009）等。
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目录
前 言···············································1
第一章 现代中国的述学文体
——以“引经据典”为中心 ·····································13
一 作为述学文体表征的“引语” ···································13
二 明引与暗引 ···························································17
三 正引与反引 ···························································24
四 全引与略引 ···························································29
第二章 有声的中国
——演说与近现代中国文章变革 ·······························35
一 演说之于“开启民智” ············································38
二 演说的诸面相 ························································49
三 演说与学堂之关系 ··················································57
四 “学艺”还是“事业” ·············································65
五 文章体式的革新 ·····················································76
六 以“演说”为“著述” ············································85
第三章 学术讲演与白话文学
——1922年的“风景” ··········································95
一 四座城市与四位学者（上） ······································98
二 四座城市与四位学者（下） ····································· 105
三 讲演者的风采 ······················································· 111
四 “白话”如何“文学” ············································ 122
五 以“讲演”为“文章” ··········································· 136
第四章 何为“大学”以及如何“大学”
——蔡元培的学术立场及文体意识 ··························· 144
一 大学史及“蔡元培神话” ········································ 145
二 “博大”而非“精深”的教育家 ································ 151
三 “大学”面面观 ····················································· 160
四 作为演说家的蔡元培 ·············································· 173
五 “演说”是如何成为“文章”的 ································ 178
六 大学是做出来的，也是讲出来的 ······························· 185
第五章 兼及“著作”与“文章”
——关于章太炎的《国故论衡》 ······························ 189
一 学术史家的自我定位 ·············································· 190
二 “精心结构”的“著作” ········································· 194
三 在“管籥”与“堂奥”之间 ····································· 199
四 “文实闳雅”的著述 ··············································· 203
第六章 “元气淋漓”与“绝大文字”
——梁启超及“史界革命”的另一面 ························ 209
一 “史界革命”与“文界革命” ··································· 210
二 政论文章与历史著述 ·············································· 216
三 “极宜着意修饰”的“论学文字” ····························· 226
四 史家的“文人习气” ·············································· 232
第七章 分裂的趣味与抵抗的立场
——鲁迅的述学文体及其接受 ·································242
一 文体家的别择 ·······················································242
二 论著、杂文与演讲 ·················································250
三 古书与口语的纠葛 ·················································258
四 直译的主张与以文言述学 ········································263
五 文体的“抵抗” ····················································274
第八章 “精心结构”与“明白清楚”
——胡适述学文体研究 ··········································282
一 “论学”与“述学” ···············································284
二 述学文体之选择 ····················································293
三 文章结构与名学根基 ··············································304
四 演讲兴趣与文章功底 ··············································313
附录一 关于现代中国的“述学文体” ···································322
附录二 如何“述学”，什么“文体” ····································334
引用及参考书目 ·································································346
人名索引 ··········································································358
书名、篇名索引 ·································································369
后 记 ·············································································394
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读书文摘
严复（1894-1921）所标榜的“译事三难：信、达、雅”，在 当为1854 ①参见《五十年来中国之文学》，《胡适古典文学研究论集》126-127页，上海：上海古籍出版社，1988年。 ②《钱宾四先生论学书简》，见余英时《犹记风吹水上鳞一一钱穆与现代中国学术253-254页，台北：三民书局，1991年。 31
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