一度活跃在横滨街头的白妆老妓玛丽,因其特异的妆扮、扑朔迷离的身世成为一代街头传奇,融入战后一代横滨人的记忆。尔后,随着城市的变迁以及玛丽年纪渐老,她从街头黯然消失。本书以玛丽为视角展开,具有以下特色:
一、一部边缘小人物的个体生命史
本书的中心人物玛丽,是生活在城市间隙的人群中的一个,是有别于所谓遵守公序良俗市民的另类存在。这类边缘小人物无时无刻不与城市发生着联系,却又游离于主流城市叙事之外。他们身上所发生故事,所经历过的人生,往往淹没在宏大叙事之中,成为历史尘埃,不被记取。本世纪以来,史学界倡导书写对象不应仅限于王侯将,还应当更多地着眼于普罗大众,进入微观史学的写作,重新发现历史中鲜活、灵动的“人”,深挖细节描摹他们寻常的欢愉与哀痛,进而镂刻出生活在同一时代的群体,解读他们生存时代的社会与历史。本书所关注的对象,显而易见是契合这一潮流。
二、一部女性战争史
战争是野心与权谋的产物,而其代价却需要每个具体的人来承受,包括身赴战场的战士与身处后方的平民。1952年,来到横滨、横须贺一带谋生的玛丽,正是那场战争的产物——一个战后艰难时期与男人们周旋,并顽强地生活过来的娼妓。诚如书中所言,通过玛丽的经历能感知真实的昭和时代,“这是一部不用讲大道理的历史,一部拥有独特视角的女性战后史”,“她的故事令我对于战后史讲述这种形式产生了生动的既视感”。
三、日本近现代史的缩影
虽说本书是追寻小人物的生命历程,但中村将其置于宏大的横滨的城市变迁,日本近现代历史进程的背景中进行叙述。1853年,美国东印度舰队司令佩里将军率领舰队经上海驶入日本江户,史称“黑船来航”,是为日本近代史的开端。日美签订《日美亲善条约》之后横滨开埠,这使得横滨成为负有现代日本之名的城市。开埠后的横滨港人口聚集,商业兴盛,“风俗业”也随之兴起,并持续发展。二战后,横滨稳稳地抓住了经济成长的机遇期。玛丽在横须贺、继而来横滨“找活”,也是基于这样的时代背景。而待横滨继续转型成吞吐集装箱货船的现代化国际性大港口之后,玛丽经常出没的伊势佐木町和马车道的店铺等亦完成了老一代人退出,新一代人登场的过程,玛丽也离开这个城市。玛丽的半生可谓与昭和时代交织展开,其经历是一段日本的近现代史的缩影。因此,以玛丽在横滨的际遇为视角,将横滨这个不断膨胀的现代城市的变迁一一呈现,一幅日本近代史的画卷由此打开,那么,历史不再是史书上冰冷干瘪的文字,是既立体又有温度的故事。
四、写作手法独特
本书从都市传说开始,通过访谈那些与玛丽打过交道的人们娓娓道来他们与玛丽交往故事,勾画出徐徐浮现出来的人物轮廓,中村导演追寻真实的玛丽,层层拨开玛丽的神秘面纱,叙事极富画面感,可读性极强。
特别需要指出的是,玛丽身份低微,职业不够体面,经常遭到驱赶,但整个书的基调并不灰暗,而是充满温情。譬如即便玛丽生活困顿,但仍然保持着一颗慈悲之心去接济贫苦的“客人”,而在玛丽居无定所之后,一些横滨绅士是为让玛丽能在床上安睡一晚而接受玛丽的“邀请”。譬如对这些另类绝非如洁癖般赶尽杀绝,而是接纳并包容了他们的横滨。尤为令人动人的元次郎与玛丽跨越三十三年的友谊。这些无不展现小人物富有生命韧性与个体尊严,弱小而不失光辉的一面。
本书兼具微观的对象与宏观的视野,将宏大的时代背景,寓于小人物的故事之中,既有有深度,又有可读性,是难得的佳作。
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作者:中村高宽
1975年生。电影导演、日本东北艺术工科大学影像学科准教授。1997年在松竹公司大船片厂开始职业生涯,参与多部影视剧作品。2006年完成导演处女作《横滨玛丽》,在加拿大多伦多国际电影节首映,后参加釜山国际电影节、温哥华国际电影节。在日本国内获横滨文化奖文化・艺术奖励奖、神奈川文化奖未来奖、文化厅纪录电影单元优秀奖等10个奖项。2017年,时隔11年完成第二部作品《禅与骨》。
译者:王众一
1963年生。跨文化传播媒体人、日本电影研究者、翻译家。现任日文月刊《人民中国》总编辑。曾以访问学者身份在东京大学从事表象文化研究,对电影与传播的关系、中日文化交流史等有较多关注,著有随笔、评论与人物专访等。近年尝试以汉俳形式汉译日本俳句、川柳,并从事俳句、汉俳创作。著有《日本韩国国家形象的塑造与形成》,译有《日本电影100年》《日本电影110年》《创新激情:1980年以后的日本电影》《严复:中国近代探寻富国强兵的启蒙思想家》《溥仪的后半生》《中国衣饰文化(日文)》等。
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第一章 玛丽是谁·························································· 1
1. 一切始于电话俱乐部 ······································· 3
2. 城市传说与传闻 ············································· 9
3. 倾听城市的声音 ············································20
4. 真实与事实之间 ············································29
5. 拍摄玛丽的人 ···············································34
第二章 通过横滨解读近现代史 ······································43
1. 人祭—阿三宫的传说 ···································45
2. 唐人阿吉与洋妾 ············································47
3. 青楼女子成为攘夷的牺牲品 ·····························52
4. 淘金热 ························································60
5. 世界贸易港“YOKOHAMA” ···························71
6. 山下公园—复兴的象征 ································74
7. 二战期间公开场合接吻被定为公然猥亵罪 ···········76
8. 占领军来了 ··················································79
9. 守卫大和抚子的纯正血统 ································84
10. 娼妓们的战后 ·············································92
11. 城市的变迁 ·············································· 100
第三章 “玛丽”的记忆 ··············································· 103
1. 玛丽献上的花束 ·········································· 105
2. 元次郎 33 年的夙愿 ····································· 115
3. 玛丽的竞争对手 ·········································· 130
第四章 ROSA 与玛丽 ················································ 141
1. 寻找成为传奇的电影 ···································· 143
2. 懵然碰壁 ··················································· 161
3. 横滨 ROSA 告诉我们的 ································ 166
4. 黄金町的地下世界 ······································· 175
第五章 滨城玛丽:横滨与横须贺 ································· 183
1. 与“战后”拥眠的女人 ································· 185
2. 这年夏天,见到素面的玛丽 ··························· 210
第六章 两个人的《我行我素》 ······································ 225
1. 纪录电影的真髓 ·········································· 227
2. 拍摄“日常” ·············································· 235
3. 与玛丽重逢的演唱会 ···································· 239
4. 重大的挫折 ················································ 242
第七章 听见伊势佐木町布鲁斯 ···································· 253
1. 底层的打工生活 ·········································· 255
2. 根岸家档案 ················································ 259
3. 横滨末代陪酒艺妓 ······································· 271
4. 根岸家毁于一把火 ······································· 277
第八章 终章····························································· 289
1. “忧伤的向阳处” ·········································· 291
2. 含泪的告别音乐会 ······································· 297
3. 元次郎之死 ················································ 303
4. 亲弟弟谈玛丽 ············································· 311
5. 破纪录的火爆 ············································· 315
6. 留住将要消亡的记忆 ···································· 319
7. 为玛丽扫墓 ················································ 321
主要参考文献···························································324
译后记··································································· 326
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