What is consciousness? How do physical processes in the brain give rise to the self-aware mind and to feelings as profoundly varied as love or hate, aesthetic pleasure or spiritual yearning? David J. Chalmers unveils a major new theory of consciousness, one that rejects the prevailing reductionist trend of science, while offering provocative insights into the relationship between mind and brain. Writing in a thought-provoking style, Chalmers proposes that conscious experience must be understood as an irreducible entity similar to such physical properties as time, mass, and space that exists at a fundamental level and cannot be understood as the sum of its parts. Engaging and penetrating, this book adds a fresh new perspective to the subject that is sure to spark debate about our understanding of the mind for years to come.
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大卫·J·查默斯(David John Chalmers),原籍澳大利亚,现任美国亚利桑那大学哲学教授,意识研究中心主任,纽约大学客座教授,当代知名的心灵哲学家。主要论著有:《有意识的心灵》(1996)、《面对意识问题》(1995)、《延展心灵》(合著,1998)、《意识和它在自然中的位置》(2002)、《意识的特征》(2010)等。作者提出的二维语义学理论在分析哲学领域也有重要影响。
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在最后一章,我所关注的是解释问题,“意识能够被物理理论所解释吗?”而不是本体论的问题,“意识本身是物理的吗?”但是这两个问题是密切相关的,在本章中我将抽取出一个得自最后一章论证的本体论的结论。特别是,逻辑附随性的失效直接地蕴涵唯物主义是误的:有一种在物理特征之外的世界特征。对此的基本论证如下所示
确实,有些更深层次的问题我不能证明,确切地说是因为我不能证明意识存在。
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