Tongzhi

Contents

Introduction: Cultural Politics of Tongzhi

Section I: The Cultural Construction of Chinese Same-Sex Eroticism

Chapter 1: A World Without Homo/Hetero Duality: Rewriting the Traditional Chinese History of Same-Sex Eroticism

The Chinese Conception of Sexuality

Compatibility Between Heterosexual Marriages and Same-Sex Eroticism

Chinese Tolerance of Same-Sex Eroticism in the Patriarchal-Classist Hierarchy

Modernity and the Death of Cultural Tolerance of Same-Sex Eroticism

Section II: Diversities and Differences Among Contemporary Chinese Societies

Chapter 2: Colonialism and the Birth of Sexual Identity Politics in Hong Kong

The Legal Discourse of Homosexuality Under British Colonialism

From the MacLennan Incident (1980) to Decriminalization (1991)

The Creation of a New Social-Sexual Subject: The Hong Kong Chinese Gay/Tongzhi

Classism and the Cultural Construction of Tongzhi

Chapter 3: Tongzhi Discourses in Contemporary China

The Absence of Homosexuals, Bisexuals, or Heterosexuals

Why Are Contemporary Mainland Chinese Suffering the Most?

Legal Discourse and Medicalization

Individual Strategies of Tongzhi Empowerment

Collective Strategies of Tongzhi Empowerment

Chapter 4: Going Beyond “Cultural Carnival Versus Political Confrontation”: Pluralities of Contemporary Taiwan Tongzhi Discourses

Formation of Tongxinglian Consciousness and Community Before 1990

Feminism and the Formation of the Tongzhi Movement

Resistance Through Cultural Carnivals

Confrontational Politics and Beyond

Section III: Gender, Race, and Tongzhi Politics in Hong Kong

Chapter 5: When Potato Queens Meet Rice Queens: Racial-Sexual Dynamics in Colonial Hong Kong

Sexual-Racial Politics in Personal Ads

Rice and Potato Queens in the 1970s

Language, Food, and Sex

Tongzhi Strategies of Resistance

Chapter 6: Cultural Politics of TB/B (Tomboy/Tomgirl) in Hong Kong

Nü Tongzhi in the 1960s and 1970s

Identity Formation of TB/Gs in the 1990s

TB: The Sexual Politics of Breast Binding

Differences and Similarities Among TBGs

Westernized Feminist Nü Tongzhi Verses Local Role-Playing TB/Gs

Section 4: Indigenous Tongzhi Strategies of Resistance

Chapter 7: From Coming Out to Coming Home

Coming Out in the Chinese Context

Redefining the Cultural Boundaries of “Out” and “Closet”

Tongzhi Experiences of Coming Home

Why the Legal Discourses of Rights Are Not Sufficient

Chapter 8: Tongzhi Identity Politics as Queering the Mainstream

Notes

Bibliography

Index

Reference Notes Included

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