Polyarchy
内容简介
“In this book, Professor Dahl carries forward his logico-empirical studies of the conditions under which political systems change or are transformed from one type to another. . . . The focus here is upon the conditions under which systems he designates as closed hegemonies, inclusive hegemonies, or competitive oligarchies are likely to develop into polyarchies, or intermediate variations thereof… To this reviewer, the present book enhances Professor Dahl’s status as political diagnostician and analyst. It exemplifies beautifully the function of theory in disentangling the elements of a problem and understanding the relations between them, as distinct from constructing general, logically consistent theories that do not explain variations and deviant cases in the real world, or devising ‘practical’ solutions without knowing whether or why they work. Dahl uses concepts to reveal and enlighten us as to hidden relationships in the data.” —Avery Leiserson, The Annals
"Dahl extends his inquiry inot pluralistic social orders to the conditions favorable for a competitive political regime, or polyarchy. . . . This is good Dahl, it is both political theory and comparative government, and the appendices add valuable data . . . . It belongs in every library collection, and it might have use as a supplementary text."—Choice
"A tightly woven explanation of the conditions under which cultures that do not tolerate political opposition may be transformed into societies that do. The author is at his empirical best in reaching his conclusions."—Foreign Affairs
"His purpose is primarily analytical rather than presciptive, and his analysis is lucid, perceptive, and thorough."—Times Literary Supplement
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作者简介
Robert A. Dahl, Sterling Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Sr. Research Scientist Sociology, is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a corresponding member of the British Academy, and a past President of the American Political Science Association. His publications include Congress and Foreign Policy; Politics, Economics and Welfare (with C. E. Lindblom); A Preface to Democratic Theory; Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City; After the Revolution?; Polyarchy; Size and Democracy (with E. R. Tufte); Dilemmas of Pluralist Democracy; A Preface to Economic Democracy; Controlling Nuclear Weapons: Democracy Versus Guardianship; Democracy and Its Critics; Toward Democracy: A Journey; On Democracy; How Democratic is the American Constitution?, Politica e virtu' , La teoria democratica de nuovo secolo, After the Goldrush: Growing up in Skagway and On Political Equality.
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目录
Acknowledgements ix
1. Democratization and Public Opposition 1
2. Does Polyarchy Matter? 17
3. Historical Sequences 33
4. The Socioeconomic Order: Concentration or Dispersion 48
5. The Socioeconomic Order: Level of Development 62
6. Equalities and Inequalities 81
7. Subcultures, Cleavage Patterns, and Governmental Effectiveness 105
8. The Beliefs of Political Activists 124
9. Foreign Control 189
10. The Theory: Summary and Qualifications 202
11. Postscript: Some Implications for Strategies of Change 208
Appendixes
A. 114 Countries Classified According to Eligibility to Participate in Elections and Degree of
Opportunity for Public Opposition 231
B. Contemporary Polyarchies, circa 1969 246
Index 251
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